Copiapoa - Living on the Edge

Copiapoa serpentisulcata Ritter
currently accepted as a good taxon in The New Cactus Lexicon (2006)

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Original Publication

Copiapoa serpentisulcata (Ritter 1960, Cactus (Paris) 66:21

Original Description

Prolifera, cumulos hemisphaericos formans. cinereoviridis, ramis 8-15 cm crassis. vertice dense fulvide tomentoso; costis 21-38 depressis, tuberculatis. inter eos sulcis serpentiformibus ; areolis parvis; aculeis brevibus,nigris vel brunneis rectis, radialibus 6-10, centralibus 1-4; flavibus infundibuliformibus brevibus flavidis ; fructibus rubidis, paucis squamis instructis; seminibus nigris, nitidis, subtuberculatis hilo ventrali.

Plante très prolifère, formant des touffes compactes atteignant 60 cm de haut et l m de diamètre. Tiges cylindriques, 8 - 15 cm de diamètre, chair ferme, épiderme gris vert teinté de brun au soleil, sommet feutré de laine brun jaune, racine napiforme, très courte, conique, non resserrée au collet.

Côtes 20-38, larges, hautes de 5 - 8 mm, divisées en gros tubércules, sillons intercostaux sinueux.

Aréoles inclinées vers le bas, rondes, 3 - 5 mm de diamètre, feutrées de laine jaune, passant au gris, légèrement saillantes, distantes de 5 - 15 mm.

Aiguillons brun jaune à noirs, passant au gris, droits, radiaux 6-10, longs de 1-2 cm. moyens, arqués vers l‘extérieur, les inférieurs un peu plus longs, centraux 1-4, longs de 1-3 cm, plus forts, droits.

Fleurs apicalés, hautes de 25-30 mm, diamètre 3 cm, parfum caractéristique des Copiapoa.

Tube infundibuliforme, long de 10-15 mm, diamètre de 10-12 mm, jaune pâle, nu, à part quelques écailles carminées ou brunes.

Chambre nectarifère longue de 4-7 mm, large de 4 mm, demi-fermée.

Filets jaune pâle, les inférieurs longs de 17-20 mm, les supérieurs longs de 12-15 mm. anthères jaune citron à jaune d‘or.

Style jaune pâle, long de 18-28 mm, stigmates jaune citron, environ 10, longs de 2-3 mm, n'atteignant pas le niveau des anthères.

Pétales longs de 12-15 mm, larges de 5-6 mm, arrondis, jaune pâle, souvent marqués extérieurement d‘une ligne médiane rouge.

Fruit rond, 12-15 mm de diamètre, vert teinté de rouge, parfois orange ou presque rouge, nu, à part 8-10 écailles triangulaires, vert pâle à rouges, longues de 3-10 mm, plus nombreuses vers le sommet, rarement absentes.

Graines longues de 1 mm, larges de 0,5 mm, épaisses de 0,3 mm. épiderme noir, brillant, couvert de tubercules très fins et très aplatis ; face dorsale fortement convex, carénée. Hile ventral, basal, ovale, blanc.

LOCALITE-TYPE :

Chañaral, Chili septentrional. Aire d‘extension inconnue, probablement réduite à la localité-type.

POSITION SYSTEMATIOUE :

Espèce très voisine de C. microsperma sp. nova (description non publiée) dont l‘habitat se situe plus au Nord et plus près du littoral.

PHOTO

 

Prise sur place dans la localité-type.
Espèce introduite sous le FR 246.
Un exemplaire-type et des graines ont été déposés au Jardin Botanique de Zurich

    

figs 5, 6 COPIAPOA SERPENTISULCATA
Ritter spec. nova

References in Literature


 

Ritter F. 1980, Kakteen in Südamerika (3):1093

 

Ritter places this taxon in the same section as C. cinerea and moves C. castanea in as new variety: C. serpentisulcata var. castanea 



Taylor N. P. 1981, A commentary on Copiapoa, The Cactus and Succulent Journal of Great Britain, 43(2/3): 49-60

 

Taylor reduces var. castanea to no more than a synonym.



Butcher D. 1982, The Genus Copiapoa, Calandrinia II  

Butcher summarizes the above information. 


 
Hoffmann 1989, Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 130  

Adriana Hoffmann retains this as a good species.


 
Eggli, Schick & Leuenburger, 1995, Englera 16: 192

 

 

 

Copiapoa serpentisulcata var. castanea FR711
Sample at the Utrecht Herbarium
Image by Paul Klaassen


 

 

Ritter 246: Copiapoa serpentisulcata F. Ritter - Cactus (Paris) 15(66): 22-23, 1960.

Typus (T): Ritter 246 (ZSS T481 1, SGO, ZSS) (Type cited for Z, later corrected to ZSS.).

loc. 1:   Chile: mountain tops N of Chañaral. - /6. /1954.
BGH2l 139 - ic (corp) (Ex cult. BG Berlin, 30. 7. 1986 (cult. ex sem.
Cat. H. Winter 1958). Collection number inferred.)
ZSS S10166 Type number - sem (Leg. F. Ritter 1955.)

ZSS T4810 ISO- (corp), ar, sp (Leg. F. Ritter ex nat.)

ZSS T4811 HOLO - rad, corp, ar, sp (Leg. F. Ritter ex nat.) 

loc. 2:   Chile: ,,nördl. Chañ.l“ = N of Chañaral / ,,Chañar, 12 km Nord,
Nr. 2 (Berge)“ = Chañaral, 12 km N of (mountains).

SGO 124861 ISO- rad, corp, ar, sp

loc. 3: Chile: ,,Chañaral Nr. 11“. - /6. /1954.
ZSS SR13317 ISO-sem

[page 193]
Ritter 246?: Copiapoa serpentisulcata
F. Ritter - Cactus (Paris) 15(66): 22-23, 1960.

Typus (T): Ritter 246 (ZSS T481 1, SGO, ZSS) (Type cited for Z, later corrected to ZSS.).

-           Chile: “Chañar., nördl.“ - N of Chañaral. - One of the two original labels first had the number as “FR 517“ now crossed out and was labelled "malleolata",  517 is identified as Thelocephala rnalleolata in KS 4.
SGO 124931 - rad, corp. ar, sp

Ritter 711: Copiapoa serpentisulcata F. Ritter var. castanea F. Ritter - Kakt. Südamer. 3:1093-1094, fig. 1015, 1980.
Typus (1‘):
Ritter 711 (U, SGO, ZSS [seeds only]) (Type cited for U l.c. 1: iii, 1979.).

loc. 1: Chile: ,,Küste nördlich Chañaral“ = coast N of Chañaral. - / - / 1956.
U HOLO
- (corp), ar, sp (Collection number inferred. Assumed to be the holotype as this is the only specimen present.)

loc. 2: Chile: "22 nördl. Chañ., Nr. 3“ = 22 [km ?] N of Chañaral / "16 km N. Chañaral“ = 16km N. of Chañaral.
SGO 124905 ISO - (corp), ar, sp (lncludes a small seedling plant.)

loc. 3: Chile: "ca. 22km nördl. Chañaral“ = c. 22 km N of Chañaral. - / 12. / 1957. ZSS SR13532 ISO - sem


 
Schulz R.  & Kapitany A. , 1996, Copiapoa in their Environment  

The authors concentrate on environmental matters rather than taxonomy issues. They note that in the Pan de Azucar it grows side by side with C. cinerascens, with variable plants that may be natural hybrids. 

Distribution: Chañaral to Las Lomitas


 

Charles G. J., 1998, Copiapoa 

 

 

Reports seeing this taxon at Punta Achurra  where again it grows with C. cinerascens, but reports that no natural hybrids were found.

 

 
Hoffmann  A.E. & Walter H.  2004 Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile (2nd Ed.): 160  

Good species, with syn. C. serpentisulcata var castanea


 

Distribution

 

PK Comments

Seen at Copiapoathon Stops:
S090, S092, S094, S095, S164, S165, S166, S167, S178, S229

C. serpentisulcata is almost impossible to miss when driving from the southern entrance of the Pan de Azucar National Park to the small fishing village of the same name. They grow along the track (now a paved road, as observed during our 2004 visit) alongside C. cinerascens. In 2001 we made several short stops along this track and ventured briefly into some of the small quebradas to the east of the track. We saw many plants that appeared intermediate between these two taxa.

In 2003, we entered the Park from the east and explored some of the valleys that lie in the rain / fog shadow of the coastal hills. Here we came across a population of C. serpentisulcata without any C. cinerascens in sight.  This population was very uniform in appearance and may have been the source of the varietal name 'castanea'

All material, except where otherwise credited, is Copyright
 © 2001-2006 Paul Klaassen
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