|
Original
Description
[Seite
1060]
7.)
COPIAPOA DESERTORUM RITTER spec. nov.
Valde proliferans, cumulos ad 50 cm altos et 75 cm diam. formans, radice
longa rapacea collo paulum coartato; caules 6 - 10 cm diam., virides,
vertice paulum griseotomentoso, applanato; costae 10 - 15 ( -17), 10 - 13 mm altae, paulum crenatae; areolae 5 - 8 mm diam., luridae, cinerascentes,
usque ad 10 mm inter se remotae; spinae atrae, rectae vel paulum
curvatae; marginales 7 - 12, 15 - 40 mm longae; flores ignoti; semina ca 1,4
mm longa, 0,9 mm lata, 0,6 mm crassa, nigra, nitida, minime tuberculosa,
hilo ovali, lurido, obliquo, micropyle minima, separata; habitat
Cifuncho ad orientem versus, Depart. Taltal, Chile.
Körper
stark sprossend, dichte Haufen bildend, bis zu 50 cm hoch und 75 cm Durchmesser,
mit dicker, langer, harter Wurzelrübe mit etwas verengtem Hals; Einzelköpfe
6 - 10 cm dick, grün, mit wenig filzigem grauem flachem oder etwas
vertieftem Scheitel, der von Stacheln überdeckt ist. Rippen 10 - 15
(- 17), gerade, stumpf, 10 - 13 mm hoch, gering gekerbt. Areolen 5 - 8 mm Durchmesser,
rund bis oval, bräunlichfilzig, vergrauend, erhaben, auf den Höckern,
wenige bis 10 mm freier Abstand. Stacheln schwarz oder grauschwarz,
schnell vergrauend, pfriemlich, gerade, meist einige wenige etwas
verbogen, nach unten oder oben; Randstacheln 7 - 12, seitlich oder halb
ausseits gerichtet, 15 - 40 mm lang; Mittelstacheln 2 - 6, stärker,
divergierend, 2 - 5 cm lang.
Blüte unbekannt.
[1061]
Frucht ca 14 mm Durchmesser, rot, mit 3-8 mm langen
roten Schuppen, besonders am Napfrand.
Samen ca 1,4 mm lang, 0,9 mm
breit, 0,6 mm dick, schwarz, stärker glänzend, mit sehr feinen
verflachten Höckerchen; Hilum oval, schräg ventralseits, braun,
Mikropyle sehr klein, getrennt oder fast getrennt.
Typusort östlich von
CIFUNCHO am Weg nach Las Breas in einer Wüste, Depart. Taltal; wächst
auch an der Küste von CIFUNCHO. Von mir entdeckt 1956. Nr. FR 529. Abb.
974.
Was BACKEBERG in seinem Band 6 auf S. 3826
abbildet mit der Beschriftung “COPIAPOA DESERTORUM RITTER,
unbeschrieben“, ist nicht diese Art, sondern wohl dasselbe, was er im
Kakteen Lexikon als “Abb. 255 oben“ bringt mit der Beschriftung
“NEOCHILENIA DEHERDTIANA BACKEBERG“, zwei blühende Exemplare, die
offenbar PYRRHOCACTUS OCCULTUS sind. Das bezeichnete erstere Bild in
Band 6 ist aus der Sammlung SAINT-PIE, Asson, Frankreich und war dort fälschlich
unter der Nr. FR 529 (der COPIAPOA DESERTORUMS geführt. Auch bei
“NEOCHIL. DEHERDTIANA“ erklärt BACKEBERG (Kakt. Lex. S. 289), daß
diese Pflanzen in der Sammlung SAINTPIE unter der Nr. FR 529 geführt
wurden und ebenfalls unter der Nr. FR 251 als “COPIAPOA FIEDLERIANA“.
Alle diese Pflanzen sind dort gezüchtet aus von mir gesammelten Samen. BACKEBERG
hält es (ebenda) für möglich, daß ich “die einer COPIAPOA
FIEDLERIANA sehr ähnliche Pflanze“ (nämlich was BACKEBERG als NEOCHIL.
DEHERDTIANA BACKEBERG spec. nov. beschreibt) als COPIAPOA FIEDLERIANA
ausgegeben hätte, weil ich sie ohne Blüte (eine bloße Behauptung)
gefunden hätte. Eine solche Verwechslung durch mich ist ausgeschlossen,
da Frucht und Samen von “NEOCHILENIA BACKEBERG“ so total verschieden
von COPIAPOA sind, daß sie unmöglich ein Sammler verwechseln kann. Die
Verwechslungen der Samen können nur erfolgt sein, nachdem dieselben von
Chile versandt waren. BACKEBERG gibt eine falsche Beschreibung der COPIAPOA
DESERTORUM RITTER, denn sie basiert auf einem falschen Foto; da dieser
Name aber ein nomen nudum blieb, so ist solches nomenklatorisch
belanglos
References in Literature
|
|
|
|
Ritter F. in
Hildegard Winter Katalog |
|
FR529 appeared in the 1957 as
desertorum sp nov; |
|
|
|
Backeberg C.
(1959),
Die Cactaceae 3: & 6:
3826 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ritter F. (1980)
Kakteen in
Südamerika (3):1060 |
|
Original description,
see above
Ritter's description of a plant found east of Cifuncho, on the road to Las
Breas. He also explains the incorrect diagnosis in Backeberg's Die
Cactaceae Band 6:3826. |
|
|
|
|
Taylor N.P. (1981)
A
commentary on Copiapoa , The Cactus and Succulent Journal of Great
Britain, 43(2/3):
49-60
Checklist |
|
'C. desertorum F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer. 3:
1060 - 61, fig. 974 (1980). Type: Prov. Antofagasta, Dept. Taltal, E. of
Cifuncho on the way to Las Breas, 1956, Ritter 529 (U). Placed near C.
rupestris by Ritter and perhaps only a variety.' |
|
|
|
Butcher D.
(1982)
The Genus Copiapoa, Calandrinia II :06 |
|
'C. desertorum Ritt. 1980 (Kakt. Sudamer.)
Plant no.57, map 6. FR 529, KK 643, KK 34, KK 1436. Body: dark coloured, broad-round;
Spines: 4.5 relatively short thick spines, at first blackish later light
brownish grey
Habitat: near Cifuncho.
Note: Taylor (1981) suggests this may be synonymous with C. rupestris.' |
|
|
|
Hoffmann A.
E. (1989)
Cactaceas en la flora silvestre de Chile: 114 |
|
Retains this species and includes C.
hornilloensis, C. rupestris and C. rubriflora as varieties |
|
|
|
Meregalli M
& Doni, C (1991)
Piante Grasse Speciale - Il Genere Copiapoa |
|
|
|
|
|
Eggli U., Schick
M.M. & Leuenburger, B.E. (1995)
Englera 16: 305 |
|
Ritter
529: Copiapoa desertorum
F. Ritter
- Kakt.
Südamer. 3: 1060-1061, fig.
974,
1980. (First mentioned (as nom. nud.) in Backeberg, Die Cact. 6:3826,
1962.)
Typus (T):
Ritter
529 (U, ZSS [seeds only]) (Type cited for U 1.c. 1: iii, 1979.).
[p
306]
loc.
1:
Chile: ,,östlich Cifuncho“
=
E of
Cifuncho [at the path to Las Breas], in the desert. - / - /1956. - Locality
data supplemented from the
protologue;
collection date according to specimen at U.
U HOLO - (corp), ar, sp (Collection number inferred. Assumed to
represent the holotype as this is the only specimen present.)
loc.
2:
Chile: E of Cifuncho at path to Las Breas, and at the coast of Cifuncho, in
a desert. - Locality data according to the protologue.
ZSS S10310 Type number - sem (Leg. F. Ritter 1957.)
loc.3:
Chile: ,,Cifuncho Nr. 1“. -/2./1956.
ZSS SR13469 Type number - sem |
|
|
|
Schulz R. & Kapitany
A., (1996)
Copiapoa in their
Environment |
|
The authors recognise C. desertorum in
which they include C. rupestris
|
|
|
|
|
Charles G. J., (1998)
Copiapoa
|
|
as a variety of C. rupestris
|
|
|
|
Hunt D.
(Ed.) (2001)
Coping with Copiapoa
Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 11: 23 - 29
|
|
8.
C. montana, C. olivana and
C. rupestris. Are these distinct from
C.taltalensis?
GC:
I have no more information about this since I wrote my book. The
most difficult thing for me was differentiating forms of C.
hypogaea from forms of
C. humilis since the two are
very similar. I cannot include C.
rupestris with these because of
its ability to grow into huge mounds
(C. desertorum). The other names you list are all similar, like
humilis or
hypogaea. The Quebrada Oliva would appear to contain plants like
humilis and
hypogaea and both have been collected and distributed as
C. olivana, I think a name
best left as a synonym of C.
montana.
FK:
C. montana, C. olivana and
C. rupestris are close to
C. atacamensis and
C. taltalensis. Graham Charles illustrates two different plants. His
fig. 79 is what grows north of Taltal and fits Ritter‘s description, but
his fig. 80 is not the same and could be
C. humilis.
NT:
I‘m not sure what the other protagonists here think, but for my
money C. montana, C. olivana
and C. grandiflora are all
closely related and might be the same thing in more or less geophytic
forms (C. hypogaea is perhaps
also allied). C. rupestris for
me is a member of the C. marginata
complex, like the undescribed plant referred to above, from Botija.
Proposal:
8
C.
montana (syn. C.
olivana) and
C. rupestris (syn. C.
rubriflora). No change at
present. (The question was prompted by Fred‘s proposal to include all
these, plus C. hornilloensis
and C. desertorum in C.
taltalensis). |
Hunt D.
(Ed.) (2001)
Coping with Copiapoa - 2,
Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 12: 15-17 |
|
|
|
|
|
Taylor N.
P., (2001)
Roots and mucilage in Copiapoa,
Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 12: 18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hunt D. (Ed.)
(2002)
Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives 13:12-15 |
|
00247
C. desertorum: Ritt
—>
C. rupestris
ssp., q.v. |
|
|
|
Hoffmann A.E. & Walter H. (2004)
Cactaceas en la flora silvestre
de Chile (2nd Ed.): 130 |
|
As Copiapoa rupestris ssp. desertorum (Ritter) D. Hunt |
|
|
|
Hunt D. (Ed.)
(2006)
The New Cactus Lexicon |
|
|
|
|
|
Schulz, R. (2006)
Copiapoa in their Environment (2006) |
|
|
|
|
|
Distribution
PK Comments
See
Also
-
The Chileans - My Journey to Chile Part 1 - Rio Huasca
by Karel
Knize
'..... Second zone - this includes that entire region to the
north of Huasco as far as Nicolasa and Vallenar, It is comprised of very
sweet soil (pH 7.0 to 7.2), very rich in mineral salts and of a yellowish
colour to brown. One finds there, more or less scattered, both between the
rocks of the escarpments diverse species on the flat ground. Under the
bushes and between the tufts of grass, one finds occasional examples of some
rare species.
The thousands of huge clumps of C. alticostata
give the landscape a very characteristic appearance, C.desertorum
Ritter occurs as little groups to the west of Huasco, often in the vicinity
of N, napina, of which there are many forms. Horridocactus
heinrichianus, rare, only met with under bushes, N.glabrescens:
this is no species but a form of N.napina which one finds abundantly
at one known site, at the summit of a hillock. ...'
PK comment: This (KK 34, KK41 & KK1436) is NOT Ritter's C. desertorum,
but KK 1535 & KK1971 could be.
|
