|
Year |
Total mm. |
Maximum in one day mm. |
Date of Maximum |
Number of days with 0.1 mm or more |
Number of days with 1.0 mm or more |
|
1925 |
20.8 |
14.0 |
1 viii |
10 |
4 |
|
1924 |
14.4 |
6.5 |
10 ix |
9 |
4 |
|
1923 |
20.8 |
12.0 |
9 vii |
11 |
7 |
|
1922 |
17.1 |
3.4 |
9 v |
15 |
5 |
|
1921 |
4.9 |
2.0 |
2 viii |
6 |
2 |
|
1920 |
28.8 |
14.0 |
21 vi |
6 |
6 |
|
1919 |
10.6 |
5.3 |
29 vi |
8 |
? |
Fortunately,
however, the meagre precipitation is more or less offset by the
effects of the wet sea-fogs, the so-called “camanchaca”. This fog
hangs usually somewhere between altitudes of 300 and 800 m. and
drifts landward against the peaks and ridges facing the ocean or
through breaks in the chain of coastal hills somewhat into the
interior. Near the shore the Camanchaca, lowering somewhat at night
and rising a little in the morning, may hang at its characteristic
altitude for days at a time wreathing the peaks and slopes exposed
in a dense cloud and moistening them with mists resulting from its
condensation. A definite belt is thus formed on these fog-bathed
slopes, in which, especially during the winter, the humidity is high
and where frequent protection is afforded against the desiccating
effects of the sun. The soil is much moister than in those places
depending on the scanty rain and develops a very much more dense
vegetation. Because the high coastal ridges in the region north of
Paposo are an almost complete obstruction to the fog in its easterly
off-sea drift and consequently retain practically all of it banked
upon their slopes this section benefits most strikingly from the
camanchaca. In this region the fog-bathed slopes have a particularly
luxuriant winter- and spring-vegetation and develop a definite
fertile zone, which viewed from a distance on a clear day, appears
as a distinct green belt on the mountainside.
About Taltal
and to the southward the effects of the camanchaca are usually
neither so localized nor so conspicuous. The ridges near the ocean
are lower and interrupted by the broad mouths of valleys. As a
result the fog is not so completely held back and its effects so
narrowly concentrated as north of Paposo, but is able to drift
inland and dissipate its moisture over a larger area.. Except for a
few places with special local conditions, the slopes in this region
are moistened by fog only as it slowly drifts in passing. The
vegetation here is hence less luxuriant and shows less contrasts
than further north, but on the other hand it does extend further
inland.
The slopes
frequently bathed by the sea-fog support three characteristic
plants. These are Cereus spinibarbis, Cereus coquimbanus and
Euphorbia lactiflua. Although growing on the moistest of
slopes and frequently covered with fruticose and foliose lichens or
even supporting the large epiphyte, Tillandsia Geissei, these
plants, like all the other shrubs in the fog-belt are xerophytic in
type, for otherwise they could not persist during the dry fogless
days of summer. Being conspicuous and common plants and growing in
any abundance only on those slopes frequently wreathed in fog they
are the outstanding species of the zone which because of the
comparative luxuriance of its flora has, for convenience, been
termed the ‘fertile belt’. As has been already intimated this
fertile belt is best developed and most sharply demarked on the
hills about Paposo and northward to Miguel Diaz. There the two
species of Cereus and the Euphorbia are dominant,
growing scattered over the slopes or with such species as Oxalis
gigantea, Heliotropium, Philippianum, Salvia Gilliesii, and
Proustia tipia forming small thickets. The epiphytic lichens
are large and conspicuous. Under the bushes grows Polypodium
Espinosae and occasionally with it, but more frequently upon
stems of shrubs and cactus is found its congener, P. masafuerae
About the shrubbery are found numerous small perennials. There are
tufted grasses of the genera Poa, Eragrostis, Elymus, Koeleria,
Trisetum, Stipa and Nassella and attractive species of
the higher monocotyledons belonging to the genera Scilla,
Leucocoryne, Cummingia, Zephyra, Hippeastrum, Alstroemeria, Tigridia,
Sisyrinchium and Bipinnula. Among the dicotyledons the
conspicuous perennials are members of the genera Sisymbrium,
Trifolium, Astragalus, Linum, Palaua, Hypericum, Cryptantha,
Verbena, Calceolaria, Solanum,
Bahia
and Polyachyrus. The annuals are not especially conspicuous.
Erodium cicutarium is a common ground cover. Other herbs most
frequently belong to the genera Drymaria, Stellaria, Lepidium,
Lotus, Adesmia, Palaua, Malvastrum, Centaurium and
Amblyopappus. About rocky places in the fertile belt grow the
large and very conspicuous Nicotiana solanifolia and Puya
copiapina. The distinctive Peperomia Doelli with its
succulent green and red leaves and the beautiful violet-flowered
Alstroemeria violacea also frequent such habitats.
South of the
region about Paposo, as already suggested, the fertile belt is less
conspicuously developed. Only in a few places as, for example, the
head of the high line of sea-cliffs near Aguada Grande is a
comparable luxuriance approached. The places, however, are not
extensive. In the area about Taltal the camanchaca, merely impeded
by a few high hills, drifts inland, gradually thinning and
eventually disappearing in the dry air encountered there. The slopes
of the various hills brushed by the fog, hence, vary according to
their location in the amount of moisture they receive from it and
consequently in the degree of luxuriance of their flora.
Distinctions between the fertile and non-fertile area are by no
means so sharp as further north, the vegetation on the fog-bathed
slopes imperceptibly changing as it recedes from the sea from rather
mesophytic to more and more decidedly xerophytic, this becoming more
and more like that on the slopes outside the fog-belt until quite
indistinguishable in composition. Only those slopes in the fog-belt
near the sea are moistened sufficiently to bear a good stand of
Cereus and Euphorbia. Only these I have considered as a
part of the fertile belt. But even here the flora is not so rich as
further north.
Below the
fog-belt the vegetation has to depend for moisture upon some such
meagre precipitation fro the direct sun. North of Paposo the region
below the fertile belt consists of the lower slopes of the hills and
the narrow coastal plain. The conditions are desert. The shrubs are
strong xerophytes with narrow usually thickened foliage. The most
important of these are Heliotropium pycnophyllum, Ophryosporus
triangularis and Chuquiraga ulicina which are frequently
joined by Encelia canescens, Tetragonia maritima and
several species of Bargemontia and Atriplex. Several
species of Echinocactus are present but the large glaucus
E. cinereus is the most common and conspicuous of them all.
Among the herbaceous plants the species of Calandrinia, Adesmia,
Oxalis and Cristaria are especially numerous and
conspicuous. Outstanding species of other genera are Notholaena
mollis, Viola polypoda, Loasa Bertrandi, Loasa tricolour,
Cruickshanksia pumila and Perityle Emoryi. South of
Paposo many of these herbs and perennials extend inland and,
particularly on the hills near Taltal, may occur with some of the
herbs that center in the fertile belt. In the sand along the ocean
are found such characteristic dune plants as Dioscorea fastigiata,
D. cylindrostachya, Microphyes litoralis, Cristaria thinophila, C.
viridiluteola, Skytanthus acutus and Coldenia litoralis.
The flora of
the slopes and ridges projecting above the fog-belt and particularly
that of the hills facing the ocean north of Paposo is an especially
interesting one. On ascending these slopes from the fertile belt it
becomes very obvious that soil-moisture decreases rapidly. The rich
flora of the fertile belt gives away in an ascent of a few hundred
meters first to an arid scrub composed of Echinocactus and
low bushes, then to a meagre association of very hardy deep-rooted
xerophytes and finally at about 1000 m. to completely desert slopes
absolutely devoid of plants. These barren crests are apparently
above the level of shower-bringing clouds and appear to be exposed
to the glare of the sun for practically the year round.
Constituting
the scrub zone above the fertile belt in the region north of Paposo
I found Echinocactus cinereus and some of its smaller
congeners, and such shrubs as Ephedra sp., Krameria cistoidea, K.
iluca, Adesmia Diasiana, Errazurizia multifolialata, Parosela azurea,
Balbisia pedoncularis, Llagunoa glandulosa, Verbena selaginoides,
Salvia Gilliesii, Bargemontia villosa, B. sedifolia, Lycium deserti,
Baccharis taltalensis, Chuquiraga ulicina, etc. Some of the
range down into the upper parts of the fertile belt, others occur in
the dry coastal slopes below the fertile, others occur in the dry
coastal slopes below the fertile belt, while still others are plants
of the dry interior. The herbaceous perennials and annuals are
similarly heterogeneous. The plants growing at the very limit of
vegetation are Calandrinia sitiens, Cassia Brongniartii, Adesmia
viscidissima, Oxalis ericoides, Viola Johnstonii, Bargemontia
linearifolia, Heliotropium chenopodiaceum and Argylia sitiens.
The interior
back of the coastal hills north of Paposo is quite barren being shut
off from the effects of fog by the coastal ridges and in addition,
for the most part, projects high above the fog-belt. From Taltal
southward the interior shows varying effects, although slight, from
the thin fog which occasionally drifts over it. Most of the plants
in the region, however, grow in stream-ways where they seem able to
obtain some moisture deep in the gravel. The most characteristic of
these are the shrubs, Gypothamnium, Oxyphyllum and
Chuquiraga. Frequently associated with them are such species as
Heliotropium pycnophyllum, H. linariaefolium, Bargemontia villosa,
Senecio Almeidae, Gutierrezia taltalensis, Gymnophyton foliosum
and Ophryosporus triangularis. The herbaceous flora is
similar, although much poorer as to species and individuals, to that
found along the coast below the fertile belt.
Ecologically
the area treated in the present paper is in the main a section of
the southern extension of the plant formation which is well
developed in Peru and has been treated as the Loma Zone or Loma
Formation by Weberbauer, Engler & Drude, Veg. Erde xii. 134-149
(1911). This formation can be traced south to between Huasco and
Coquimbo. In Chile it is best developed in our area. Although
similar in appearance and developing in response to similar climatic
and topographic factors, the Loma Formation in Chile differs
noticeably from that of Peru in the species associated in it. Many
of the genera, however, are the same. If any of our area is to be
excluded from the Loma Formation it must be that part along the
eastern border in the interior. This region seems to be transitional
to the more strictly desert formation which, developing beyond the
influence of coastal fog and below 1500 m. alt., extends in the
interior from approximately the latitude of Taltal south to about
that of Vallenar.
Phytogeographically most of the plants in our area seem to be
obviously southern in affinity. Such genera, however, as
Eragrostis, Drymaria, Alternanthera, Cleome, Hoffmanseggia, Parosela,
Croton, Palaua, Malvastrum, Eremocharis, Nama, Salvia, Dicliptera,
Stevia and Bidens have a marked affinity to the northward
and for the most part seem to be Loma-types. Errazurizia,
Perityle and Malacothrix have their closest relatives in
California or Baja California. Limonium plumosum appears to
be most closely related to species in the Mediterranean region.
Fagonia and Sonchus, which occur in other parts of Chile
and in California, also show this affinity. Krameria iluca
and Euphorbia minuta are of interest, since outside of the
Paposo region they are only known from high altitudes on the puna to
the northeast of our area near the Argentine frontier. Somewhat
similar is the case of Salvia Gilliesii which outside of our area is
known only from beyond the Cordilleras in Paraguay and in northern
and central Argentina.
Full
recognition is given in the present paper to 394 species and
varieties. Of this number over one third or some 145 are endemic to
the area. More than half of the plants treated do not range south of
the Copiapó Valley nor north to Tocopilla. There are four endemic
genera, a crucifer, Werdermannia, an umbellifer, Domeykoa,
and two mutisioid composites, Gypothamnium and Oxyphyllum.
The umbellifer has two species while the other three genera are
monotypes.
The first
collecting done in our area was by R.A. Philippi who transversed the
length of it between Dec. 8th and 24th, 1853
and two weeks later, Jan. 9-11, 1854, crossed it on the way from
Taltal to the Cordilleras. Philippi landed at Chañaral on Dec. 8th
and went inland to the copper mines at Las Animas and to those, in
the valley to the north, at Salado. He returned to Chañaral on Dec.
11th and next day followed the shore north to Caleta de
Pan de Azucar and then turned inland to the water-hole called
Cachinal de la Costa where he camped for the night. This water-hole
is unquestionably that now known in the region and shown on my map
as Aguada Grande. The morning of Dec. 13th was spent
there. Starting at 2 o’clock in the afternoon a march north easterly
for eight hours brought him to a dry camp-site which he calls
Cachiyuyal. The exact location of this place is uncertain although
it must be about 10 km. south of what is now called Agua de la Isla.
Crossing a small pass, Portezuela de la Tapaderas, and traversing
the eastern part of the Llano Colorado, Philippi proceeded north the
next day, Dec. 14th, to Breas where he turned westward
and descended the Valle (or Quebrada) de Tartal (Taltal) to Agua del
Clérigo.
He camped at Agua del Clérigo the nights of Dec. 14th and
15th. This locality is described by Philippi as located
on the eastern flank of Cerro de Hueso Parado, i.e. Cerro Perales,
just northeast of the present town of Taltal. Agua del Clérigo is
probably that now known as Agua de Perales, a spring situated at the
south base of Cerro Perales or may possibly be the water-hole,
located in the quebrada which cuts deeply into the southeast flank
of the mountain, known as Agua de la Lora. Philippi collected about
Cerro Perales and to the westward along the shore now called Caleta
de Hueso Parado. The specimens which he obtained while camping at
Agua del Clerigo are for the most part merely labelled as from
“Hueso Parado”. During his visit the town of Taltal was as yet
unfounded. The morning of Dec. 16th Philippi left Cerro
Perales by the direct trail to Caleta de Hueso Parado and turning
north, going over Malposo or Paso Malo, continued along the coast to
Estancia Vieja where he camped and from which he continued next
morning along the coast around the promontory of Punta Grande to
Paposo. The old village of Paposo, where Philippi had his
headquarters until Dec. 22nd, lies a short distance to
the north of the present town of that name. Philippi explored the
coastal plain about the town and made one excursion into the hills
above visiting Quebrada (or Cajon) del Guanillo on Dec. 20th.
In the quebrada he penetrated to about the point where Mina
Abundancia is now located. He mentions visiting Agua de Perales,
located in the mouth of the quebrada, and, further up, Agua de
Arriba. The latter station is unquestionably that now called Posado.
During the vain hunt for certain trails he appears to ascended the
sides of the quebrada and got well into the fertile belt. Late in
the afternoon of Dec. 22nd Philippi again started
northward along the coast camping that night north of Punta del
Rincon at a place he calls El Médano.
The following day he visited Agua de Panul and Agua de Miguel Diaz
and camped a little north of Botija. On Dec. 24th he
continued north to El Cobre. Subsequently he went to Mejillones by
boat. He returned by water and landing at Caleta de Tartal (Taltal)
on Jan. 8th, 1854. After spending several days in
outfitting for his journey in the Cordilleras he again left Agua del
Clerigo on Jan. 11th and proceeded up Quebrada de Taltal
past Breadal to Cachiyuyual. This latter locality is a different one
from that which he visited on Dec. 13th. On Jan. 12th
Philippi continued eastward to Cachinal de la Sierra and hence well
beyond our area.
The plants
which Philippi collected in our area together with those he obtained
in the Cordilleras became the basis of his well known Florula
Atacamensis. Almost all the species he treated in this work were
newly described. Unlike many of his later species, however, these
appear to be mostly valid. More than half of the total number of
species described in the Florula Atacamensis were based on
collections from our area. Philippi’s herbarium is now preserved in
the Museo Nacional at Santiago. Some of the material he collected is
also to be found, usually under ambiguous labels, in various
herbaria in Europe.
Associated with
Philippi’s collections in the herbarium in Santiago are four other
important, though much smaller and less representative ones made by
San Roman, Larrañaga, Borchers and Darapsky. Those by Francisco San
Roman are mostly from Esmeralda or Sierra Esmeralda and were made in
1883-4. San Roman, however, also collected at Paposo, Breas and
Valle Salado. Almiro Larrañaga made a large collection in 1888 at
Breas. This consists of some plants from the dry interior but mostly
from the fertile belt. I suspect, therefore, that although labelled
as from Breas they may have come in fact from some of the fertile
slopes nearer Taltal. Augusto Borchers made collections between 1887
and 1889. The largest number of plants were obtained by him in Oct.
1887 when he appears to have visited Taltal, Hueso Parado, Caleta
Oliva and Paposo. Luis Darapsky collected about 1889, almost
entirely in the vicinity of Taltal.
Carlos Reiche,
during an investigation of Euphorbia lactiflua as a possible
rubber-plant, visited the area in 1909, cf. Opazo & Reiche, Anal.
Agron. iv. 189-237 (1909). Coming overland from Caldera he entered
the area from Pozo de Guamanga on Sept. 14, 1909 and went by way of
Las Animas to Chañaral. On Sept. 16th going north along
the coast to Pan de Azucar he turned inland to Las Bombas, and, the
following day went from there north to La Isla. Travelling via Breas
he arrived at Taltal on Sept. 18th. After having explored
a short distance along the coast south of Taltal he continued on
Sept. 20th northward to paposo. He made a hasty visit to
Quebrada de Perales, i.e. Quebrada Guanillo, and along the coast
towards El Rincon and on Sept. 22nd returned to Taltal
from which he sailed for Valparaiso. There are a few specimens in
the museum at Santiago that were collected by Reiche during this
journey. Apparently the chief result of the visit was the paper,
“Ein Frühlingsausflug in das Küstengebiet der Atacama,” Bot. Jahrb.
xlv. 340-353 (1911), containing many distributional and ecological
notes on the flora of the area.
During October
and November 1925, E. Werdermann collected in the region about
Taltal. The material which he obtained has been distributed widely
in his admirable set of Chilean exsiccatae and is to be found in
many of the leading herbaria in America and Europe.
My own
collecting in our area (for route see
Plate 1) began on Oct.
28th, 1925, when I arrived at Barquito by train from
Potrerillos. The next two days I collected on the slopes and crests
directly back of that port and a few kilometers along the coast
toward the south, finally returning to Potrerillos late in the day
on Oct. 30th. About a month later I returned to the area,
landing at Taltal on Nov. 23rd. On Nov. 25th I
went about 10 km. up Quebrada de Taltal and returned to the port
along the crest of the hills south of the quebrada. The following
day I collected in and about Quebrada de San Ramon, which opens at
the far end of Caleta de Hueso Parado just north of Taltal. I
ascended the quebrada 7-10 km. The day of Nov. 28th I
followed the coast north to Cachinalcito. The next day I proceeded
to Paposo following the foot of the hills and going up over the
ridge directly back to Punta Grande eventually joining the telegraph
trail some 2-3 km. north of the tip of that promontory. Continuing
north along the coast on Nov. 30th I reached Aguada del
Cardon, a spring in a small quebrada just south of Punta Plata, and
next day arrived at Aguada de Miguel Diaz. On Dec. 2nd I
visited the adjacent Punta de dos Reyes, ascended the ridge back of
it to the very crest of the mountain and returned to the water-hole
down a ridge just to the south, thus making a complete circuit of
Aguada de Miguel Diaz. The next day I collected in the quebrada
above and below the water-hole. The day following I retraced my
route south to Agua del Panul where I arrived early in the
afternoon. Slides having destroyed the trail by which my animals
could obtain water I was forced to leave Agua Panul the morning of
Dec. 5th and move a few kilometres south to Aguada de
Panulcito. From my camp here I ascended an old but very well marked
trail to the very crest of the coastal hills and visited the
abandoned Andacolla Mine. Provisions having become exhausted, I
returned to Paposo on Dec. 6th. The next day I visited El
Rincon, a very foggy and fertile corner in the hills east of Punta
del Rincon and just north of Paposo. Here I was again able to reach
the very crest of the coastal hills, ascending a well defined trail
that leads to the abandoned Paranas Mine. Starting again from Paposo
on Dec. 8th, I visited Quebrada Guanillo, ascended it to
Mina Abundancia and then cut west across a barren plateau to the
head of the abandoned incline-railroad that scars the flank of Cerro
Yumbes directly east of Paposo. From this ridge-crest I returned to
town by way of a small grassy quebrada that joins Quebrada Guanillo
near Agua Perales. On Dec. 9th I returned to Taltal. On
Dec. 11th I went up Quebrada Taltal a few kilometres and
thence north to Cerro Perales. I ascended this peak following a
trail up the principal quebrada on the southeast side, visiting en
route Agua de la Lora. After attaining the summit I descended the
rough western side of the mountain to a point just west of Agua de
Perales. I visited these springs and then followed the well marked
trail to Caleta de Hueso Parado and thence to Taltal. On Dec. 13th
I left Taltal, traversed Quebrada de los Changos and skirted the
western end of Llano Colorado eventually getting south to Posada
Hidalgos. The following day I continued southward by a trail not
shown on any map available to me and so consequently I am somewhat
uncertain as to its exact path. Leaving the wagon-road and tending
more directly southward I followed an obscure trail that starts off
through the hills at Posada Hidalgos from near the water-hole and
just to its left as one approaches it from the road. After several
hours of travel with my pack-train I reached what my guide called
Pique de Jacinto Diaz. This is a well dug in a broad sandy
stream-way that a short distance below plunges into a gorge on its
westerly course to the sea. I judge that Pique de Jacinto Diaz must
be at the western or south western end of the Sierra Esmeralda.
After passing the well the trail, avoiding the gorge, veered to the
left and entered another broad quebrada down which I descended until
it was joined by another on the right. Ascending this latter to its
head I came to what my guide termed the Portezuela de Mina Carola.
This is a high pass in the Sierra Esmeralda, adjacent to the Carola
Mine, which looks out over a vast tract of land to the south.
Descending a steep trail I arrived in Quebrada de la Cachina and
followed that stream-way down to the water-hole, some 5 km. from the
coast, known as Aguada de la Cachina. On Dec. 15th I
visited the crest of the high sea-cliffs to the west and followed
them south to their highest point which is known as Cerro de la
Cachina. I returned to camp over the dissected granitic plain that
stretches south from Aguada de la Cachina. The following day I
collected in the region about the water-hole and next day, after
retracing my steps a short distance up Quebrada de la Cachina,
travelled south until I met the telegraph-line which I then followed
southwesterly almost to the coast. That night I camped at Aguada
Grande, just within the Department of Chañaral and in the upper part
of a quebrada the head of which is at the crest of some very high
foggy sea-cliffs. Philippi visited this locality and called it
Cachinal de la Costa. I collected in the quebrada about the
water-hole, along the crest of the adjacent sea-cliffs and off
towards the high headland to the west. On Jan. 18th I
followed down the quebrada until it joined Quebrada de Pan de Azucar
and then turned west to Caleta de Pan de Azucar. From there I
followed the coast to Chañaral and Barquito. The following day I
left for Copiapó by rail. I? collected in the area 930 numbers.
I keenly
enjoyed the period I spent travelling and botanising in the region.
Much of this pleasure can be attributed to the friendliness and
courtesy I met everywhere. Several people, however, were
particularly helpful. Through the kindness of Mr. William Wraith, of
the Andes Copper Company, I was permitted to start my collecting
journeys in northern Chile in the friendly surroundings at
Potrerillos where I obtained much help and experienced advice. As a
guest of the Company I was permitted to stay in its house at
Barquito while collecting about that port. Mr. J. D. Timberlake, of
Copiapó was another extremely kind and very helpful friend. At
Taltal, Mr. A. Campbell, Agent for Grace & Co., was very obliging.
Through him I was able to obtain quickly information regarding
trails and to get equipped. From Don Celedonion Prado, of Paposo, I
also had much valued assistance. Lacking even a letter of
introduction I was received by him most hospitably and even provided
with provisions on credit. This courtesy made it possible for me to
botanize on the rich slopes about Paposo for several days longer
than would otherwise have been possible. To all these gentlemen and
to the many others who helped me less conspicuously I wish again to
state my appreciation of their kindness and to give them once more
and now publicly my thanks. I hope that their amused curiosity as to
why a botanist should deliberately select such a “desert” as a field
for collecting may find some answer in this paper.
This paper on
the coastal flora of the departments of Chañaral and Taltal is based
chiefly upon a study of my collections in the area. These I
determined by comparison with Philippi’s types at the Museo Nacional
in Santiago. I made notes on most of the specimens from the area
which are contained in the Museum there and have incorporated these
in the present report. After my return to the United States in 1926
the literature on the subject was thoroughly overhauled and my
determinations were again checked by material available for
comparison there. I have also had assistance from several
specialists, particularly from Dr. Carl Epling (Labiatae),
Prof. A.S. Hitchcock (Gramineae), Dr. R. Knuth (Oxalis),
Dr. F. W. Pennell (Scrophulariaceae), Prof. R. Pilger (Plantago),
Dr. E. E. Sherff (Bidens), Mr. L. B. Smith (Bromeliaceae),
and Dr. E. Werdermann (Cactaceae). Prof. Robinson and Mr.
Weatherby of the staff of the Gray Herbarium have also assisted me,
the former determining my Compositae-Eupatorieae and the
latter my Pteridophyta. To all these persons and to Prof.
Francisco Fuentes, who allowed me the important privilege of
studying in the Philippi Herbarium, I wish to express my
appreciation and thanks for the help without which my task could
scarcely have been completed.
The next 125
pages are a catalogue of species. Pages 82-84 cover the Cactaceae:
1.
Opuntia sp.
2.
Cereus coquimbanus
3.
Cereus spinibarbis
4.
Cereus iquiquensis
5.
Echinocactus
cinereus
’ ….. This species and the next five enumerated are referable to the
segregate genus Copiapoa, Britt. & Rose, Cact. iii. 85-90
(1922).’
6.
Echinocactus marginatus
7.
Echinocactus Pepinianus
8.
Echinocactus columnaris
9.
Echinocactus copiapensis
10.
Echinocactus humilis
11.
Echinocactus occultus
’ ….. This species and the next are referable to the segregate genus
Neoporteria…..’
12.
Echinocactus Jussieui
13.
Echinocactus napinus
’ ….. This species and the following ones are referable to the
segregate genus Malacocarpus …..’
14.
Echinocactus Froehlichianus
15.
Echinocactus sp.
16.
Echinocactus mammillarioides
