|
C. alticostata F. Ritter in
Taxon 12: 29 (1963); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1079 - 80, fig. 1009 (1980). Type:
Prov. Atacama, Dept.Freirina, N. of Nicolasa, 1957, Ritter 717 (U).
Distinctive; C. cuprea, C. fiedlerana and C. pendulina
(s.l.) are growing nearby.
C. applanata Backeb. (1959) = C.
cinerascens.
C.
atacamensis Middleditch (1980). See C.
calderana.
‘C.
barquitensis’ F. Ritter, nom. nud. = C.
hypogaea.
C.
boliviana (Pfeiffer) F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer.
3: 1089 (1980); Echinocactus bolivianus Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr.
Cact. 2(3): sub t. 14 (1847). Based on plants collected by Thomas Bridges
(c.1841). As discussed earlier, it is rather unlikely that Bridges
collected the plant to which Ritter is now applying this poorly typified
name. The correct name for Ritter’s plant, which may not merit specific
status, is C. atacamensis Middleditch.
|
C. bridgesii (Pfeiffer) Backeb.,
Die Cact. 3: 1909 (1959); F.Ritter, Kakt. Südamer, 3: 1057 - 1060,
figs. -971 & 972 (1980); Echinocactus bridgesii Pfeiffer,
Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2(3): t. 14 (1847). Type (see t. 14, l.c.)
collected in Chile by Thomas Bridges, probably in 1841. Ritter (l.c.)
has provided a neotype: Prov. Atacama, N. of Chañaral airfield, 1954,
Ritter 245 (ZSS!). Range: from midway between Caldera and Chañaral to
20 km. N. of Chañaral. Other illustration: The Chileans 11(38): 169
(1980).
A beautiful taxon for its cylindric stem with copious apical wool and
long upwardly directed central spines. Doubtfully distinct from C.
marginata; closely allied to C. echinoides and C.
rupestris.
|
|
C. calderana F. Ritter in Cactus
(Paris) 14(65): 197-98, with fig. (1959); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1081 - 82,
figs. 1011 & 1012 (1980). Type: Prov. Atacama, coast N. of Caldera,
1956, Ritter 507 (ZSS cited, but type never received). Syn. C.
lembckei Backeb., Die Cact. 3: 1922, t. 160 (1959), nom. inval.
(Art. 37);
C. calderana var. spinosior F. Ritter, loc. cit., fig. 1013
(1980).
To be considered here is C. atacamensis Middleditch in
The
Chileans 11(37): 21 (1979, publ. 1980). Type: Prov. Antofagasta,
coastal hills around Antofagasta, 1914, Rose 19410 (?NY). Syn. C.
marginata sensu B. & R. (1922), pro parte, et F. Ritter in KuaS
12: 6, fig. 2 (1961); C. echinoides sensu Backeb. (1959) et
Lembcke in KuaS 17: 29 (1966); C. boliviana sensu F. Ritter,
Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1089 - 90, figs. 1029 & 1030 (1980), non
Echinocactus bolivianus Pfeiffer (1847). Range: between La
Chimba and Blanco Encalada.
Cf. C. cinerascens and C. hypogaea.
|
C.
carrizalensis F. Ritter (1959) = C. cinerea
var. dealbata.
C.
chaniaralensis F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer.
3: 1063- 64, figs. 979 & 980 (1980). Type: Prov. Atacama, near the town of
Chañaral,
1956, Ritter 527 (U).
Placed in the same section as C. humilis by
Ritter.
|
C. cinerascens (Salm-Dyck) B.
& R., Cact. 3: 88 (1922); F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1083 - 84,
figs. 1015 & 1016 (1980); Echinocactus cinerascens Salm-Dyck in
Allg. Gartenz. 13: 387 (1845) (‘spec. de Copiapo spinis albis Cat.
Cels.’). Type: a plant in the collection of Salm-Dyck, probably
collected by Thomas Bridges, c. 1841. Typified only by the following
original description: ‘Stem depressed-globose, c.9 cm. diam., greyish
dirty green, convex and grey-woolly at apex; ribs 20, narrow,
sub-compressed, tuberculate, indented between the ar.; ar. crowded,
roundish, c. 6-9 mm. apart, with grey or blackish felt; rad. sp. 8,
10-13 mm. long, lower ones longest, spreading and intertwined; cent.
sp. 2, 18-21 mm. long; all spines very rigid, at first blackish, then
ash grey. Fl. medium sized, yellow, surrounded by spines; lowermost
per. segs narrowly lanceolate, upper ones broader and red at the tip,
recurved; inner per. segs. broadly lanceolate, erect, acute, margin
denticulate; stamens numerous, grouped together, anthers yellow; style
thick and hollow with 8 yellow stigmas’. Ritter applies this old name
to a plant growing 11-25 km. N. of Chañaral, and S. of Barquito (Prov.
Atacama, Dept. Copiapo). He designates Ritter 524 as a neotype, but
the specimen has not been received at ZSS, the place of deposition
cited. Ritter has also described C. cinerascens var. intermedia
(loc. cit., figs. 1017 & 1018) in which he includes the poorly known
C. applanata Backeb., Die Cact. 3: 1913 (1959).
A distinctive plant to which C. calderana, C. megarhiza
and C. fiedlerana seem to be allied.
|
|
C. cinerea (Philippi) B. & R.,
Cact. 3: 86, fig. 98 (1922); P. Hutchison in CSJA 25: 63 - 72,
numerous figs. (1953); Echinocactus cinereus Philippi, Fl.
Atac. 23 (appendix in ‘Reise durch die Wueste Atacama 1853 - 54’,
publ. 1860). Lectotype: Prov. Antofagasta, Dept. Taltal, Quebrada
Taltal, Hueso Parado, 1854, R. Philippi s.n. (SGO 052667). This very
variable species is divisible into at least five varieties, each
composed of various habitat forms, arranged in the following sequence
from north to south:
var. haseltoniana (Backeb.)
N. P. Taylor, comb. nov. Basionym: C. haseltoniana Backeb.,
Descr. Cact. Nov. [1:] 33 (1956); Die Cact. 3: 1903 - 06, fig. 1833
(1959); C. gigantea var. haseltoniana (Backeb.) F. Ritter,
Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1101, fig. 1052 (1980); C. gigantea Backeb.
in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakt.-Ges. 1: 104 (1936); Blatter f. Kakteenforsch.
1937: [8], unpaged (1937); Die Cact. 3: 1903, fig. 1832 (1959); F.
Ritter, op. cit. 1099 - 1101, fig. 1051 (1980). ? including C.
eremophila F. Ritter, op. cit. 1104 (1980). Range: E. & W. of
Paposo (Prov. Antofagasta). Other illustrations: Aloe 13(4): 117
(1975); CSJA 44: 241, fig. II (1972).
var. albispina F. Ritter in
Taxon 12: 30 (1963); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1098, figs. 1Q50 (1980). Type:
Prov. Antofagasta, c. 10 km. N. of Taltal, coastal rocks, 1954, Ritter
207a (ZSS!). Cf. C. krainziana, also from N. of Taltal.
var. cinerea. ?including C. longistaminea F.
Ritter in Taxon 12: 31 (1963); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1096, figs. 1037 &
1038; C. tenebrosa F. Ritter, op. cit. 1098 - 99, figs. 1045 &
1058 (1980). Range: ca. Taltal, S. to Esmeralda (Prov. Antofagasta).
var. columna-alba (F. Ritter)
Backeb., Die Cact. 6: 3820 (1962); C. columna-alba F. Ritter in
Cactus (Paris) 14(65): 199 - 200, with figs. (1959); Kakt. Südamer. 3:
1094 - 95, figs. 1039 - 1041 (1980). Type: Prov. Antofagasta, 26°S.,
near the coast, 1956, Ritter 530 (ZSS cited, but type never
received).? including C. melanohystrix F. Ritter, op. cit. 1096
- 97, fig. 1043 (1980). Range: Esmeralda, S. to near Chañaral (Prov.
Atacama). Other illustrations: KuaS 26(3): 58; (4): 90 (1975).
var. dealbata (F. Ritter)
Backeb., Die Cact. 6:3823(1962); C. dealbata F. Ritter in
Cactus (Paris) 14(63): 137 - 3 8, with figs. (1959). Type: Prov.
Atacama, coast at c. 28° 5. (Carrizal Bajo), 1956, Ritter 509 (ZSS
cited, but type never received). Syn. C. carrizalensis F.
Ritter, loc. cit. 139-40, with figs. (1959); C. carrizalensis var.
gigantea F. Ritter in Taxon 12: 29-30 (1963); Kakt. Südamer. 3:
1091, figs. 1033 & 1034 (1980). Range: Carrizal Bajo and at a point c.
halfway towards Totoral. Other illustrations: CSJA 44: 239, fig.
1(1972); KuaS 26(2): 41 (1975); Aloe 17(1): 14, fig. 14 (1979). The
oldest name for this disjunct taxon may be the poorly typified
Echinocactus malletianus SalmDyck (1845), which also antedates
E. cinereus Philippi (1860): see C. malletiana. Knize’s ‘C.
minima’ may be an inland ally of this variety, collected at
Carrizal Alto (600 in.).
The range of variation apparent in this species raises the question of
whether the closely allied C. krainziana
should be included as well.
|
C. columna-alba F. Ritter (1959) = C. cinerea.
C. conglomerata (Philippi) Lembcke in
KuaS 17: 29 - 30 (1966); Echinocactus conglomeratus Philippi, Fl.
Atac. 23 (appendix in ‘Reise durch die Wueste Atacama 1853 - 54’, publ.
1860). Type locality: Prov. Antofagasta, 24° 24’ 5., between Chaguar del
Jote and El Cobre. (Type apparently not preserved.) Ritter (1980) has
wisely rejected Lembcke’s resurrection of E. conglomerata Philippi
for C. solaris (F. Ritter) F. Ritter. Lembcke was persuaded by
Philippi’s accurate type locality and apt epithet, but in the absence of a
type specimen this name must be typified by the original description,
which clearly cannot accommodate the Ritter-Lembcke plant. Perhaps
Philippi saw and collected C. solaris at his locality, but then
confused the field data with a different plant, upon which he subsequently
based his description.
C. coquimbana (Karw. ex Ruempler) B. & R.,
Cact. 3: 87(1922); Echinocactus coquimbanus Karw. ex Ruempler in
Foerster, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 601 (1885). Based on a cultivated plant
thought to have been collected near the Chilean town of Coquimbo. Typified
by the brief and unsatisfactory original description only:
‘elongate-globose, bright green; ribs very inconspicuous, but tubercles
more evident; ar. convex with short wool when young, later glabrous; rad.
sp. 5 - 6, to 10 mm. long blackish-brown, later grey, curved, horizontal;
cent. sp. a’. The explorations of Ritter have shown that there is clearly
more than one taxon in the vicinity of Coquimbo to which this name could
apply. In the sense of Britton & Rose it was the plant that Ritter has
named C. pseudocoquimbana, while he himself now uses C.
coquimbana for the following:
C. coquimbana var. wagenknechtii F.
Ritter in Taxon 12:30 (1963) (‘C. wagenknechtii’, nom. nud.); Kakt.
Südamer. 3: 1074 - 75, figs. 1000 & 1001 (1980). Type: Prov. Coquimbo,
Dept. La Serena, Elqui valley, El Tambo, Ritter 718 (U). Including C.
coquimbana var. armata F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1075, fig. 1002
(1980). Range: inland in the Elqui and Choros valleys (Dept. La Serena).
Other illustration: Backeberg, Cactus Lexicon, fig. 72 (1978).
A
distinctive plant, quite common in cultivation labelled C. coquimbana.
However, as noted above, Ruempler’s epithet is of doubtful application,
and if this taxon is considered a good species, it would be preferable
that var. wagenknechtii be raised to specific rank and used
instead; but cf. C. pendulina and C. fiedlerana.
C. cuprea F. Ritter (1959). See C.
echinoides.
C. cupreata (Poselger ex Hildmann) Backeb.,
Die Cact. 3: 1920 (1959); Echinocactus cupreatus Poselger ex
Hildmann apud Ruempler in Foerster, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 602 (1885).
Based on a plant of unknown origin in the collection of Poselger (not
preserved). Typified only by the brief original description:
‘stem globose, dark brown; ribs tuberculate, notched, tubercles 3-5 mm.
high and broad, rhombic with rounded angles, the lowermost angle produced,
nose-like, sinuses sinuate; ar. impressed with short whitish-grey wool;
rad. sp. (5 -) 6, not really at the edge of the areole, the uppermost
short, others longer, bent outwards, dirty yellow below, brown-black
above; cent. sp. 0.’ In the absence of an illustration and provenance data
it is not possible to apply this name with any certainty. However, the
tubercle shape and stem colour described suggest a form of C.
fiedlerana now in cultivation (see illustration, p. 58).
C. dealbata F. Ritter (1959) = C. cinerea.
C. desertorum F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer. 3:
1060 - 61, fig. 974 (1980). Type: Prov. Antofagasta, Dept. Taltal, E. of
Cifuncho on the way to Las Breas, 1956, Ritter 529 (U). Placed near C.
rupestris by Ritter and perhaps only a variety.
C. dura F. Ritter (1963). See C.
echinoides.
C. echinata F. Ritter (1959). See C.
megarhiza.
|
C.
echinoides (Lemaire ex
Salm-Dyck) B. & R., Cact. 3: 88 (1922);
Echinocactus echinoides
Lemaire ex Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenz. 13:386 (1845); Pfeiffer,
Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2(6): t. 29
(1850). Type: probably collected in Chile by Thomas Bridges in
1841.
The following is typified by a plant collected in the region
traversed by Bridges in 1841
(cf. Johnston, 1928)
and could well be
identical with the original E.
echinoides:
C. dura F. Ritter in Taxon 12:31 (1963);
Kakt. Sudamer. 3: 1053
- 54, fig. 969 (1980).
Type: Prov. Atacama, E. of Totoral, 1956
Ritter 546 (U).
To be considered
here is C. cuprea F. Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 14(63):
136 - 7, with fig. (1959);
Kakt. Südamer, 3: 1053,
figs.967 & 968
(1980).
Type: Prov. Atacama, region of Nicolasa, 28°25’S., 1956,
Ritter 510
(ZSS cited, but
specimen never received).
The above are
closely allied to, and perhaps not specifically distinct from, C.
marginata.
C. rupestris is also related, and may be referable here, but it comes
from much farther north. |
C.
eremophila F. Ritter
(1980).
See C. cinerea var.
haseltoniana.
C. esmeraldana
F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1064 - 65, fig. 978 (1980). Type: Prov.
Antofagasta, Dept.
Taltal, S. of Esmeralda, 1969, Ritter 1457 (U).
Placed near to C.
humilis
by Ritter, l.c.
C. ferox
Lembcke & Backeb. ex Backeb. (1959),
nom. inval. (Arts 9 & 37). See C.
solaris.
|
C.
fiedlerana (Schumann) Backeb. in
Backeb.
& F. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 280 (1935); F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1078 - 79, fig. 999 (1980);
Echinocactus fiedlerianus
Schumann, Gesamtb.
Kakt. Nachtr.
121 - 22 (1903);
C.
pepiniana var.
fiedleriana Backeb., Die Cact. 3: 1919,
figs. 1850
& 1851 (1959).
Type: S. Prov. Atacama, on the shore [?coast] near Huasco,
Soehrens 28 (Bt). Syn. C. megarhiza
sensu Backeb., Die Cact. 3: 1914, fig. 1844 (1959),
non B. & R. (1922);
C. pepiniana Backeb.,
Die Cact. 3: 1917, figs. 1848 & 1849 (1959),
nom. illegit.; ?
Echinocactus pepinianus
sensu Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakt. 420 (1898).
Range: Huasco to N. of Carrizal Bajo;? to near Copiapo, see
Backeb., Die Cact. 3: 1914, fig. 1844 (1959). Cf. C. cinerascens and C.
megarhiza.
To be considered
here is C. vallenarensis F. Ritter, Kakt.
Südamer. 3: 1077 - 78, fig. 994 (1980).
Type: Prov. Atacama, Huasco valley, airfield at Vallenar,
Ritter 1087
(U). Syn. Echinocactus
fiedlerianus sensu B. & R., Cact. 3: 87 (1922), non Schumann.
Range: Huasco
valley, from near the coast to 30
km.
E. of Vallenar. Cf. C.
coquimbana var.
wagenknechtii. |
C.
gigantea Backeb. (1936) = C.
cinerea var.
haseltoniana.
|
C. grandiflora F. Ritter in Taxon
12: 30 (1963); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1087, fig. 1014 (1980). Type: Prov. Antofagasta, Dept.
Taltal, Esmeralda, 1956,
Ritter 523 (U).
Other illustration: Backeberg, Cactus Lexicon, fig. 68 (1978).
Distinctive; cf.
C. hypogaea and C.
cinerascens. |
C.
haseltoniana Backeb.
(1956) =
C.
cinerea.
C.
hornilloensis
F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer.
3: 1060, fig. 973 (1980).
Type: Prov. Antofagasta, Dept. Taltal, N. of Esmeralda,
Cerro
Hornillo, 1963,
Ritter 1149
(U). Placed near to
C. rupestris by Ritter, and
perhaps only a variety.
|
C.
humilis (Philippi) P. Hutchisonin CSJA
25: 34-7, with figs. (1953);
Echinocactus humilis
Philippi, Fl.
Atac. 23 (appendix in ‘Reise durch die Wueste Atacama 1853 -
54’, publ. 1860).
Type:
Prov. Antofagasta, Dept.
Taltal, near
Paposo, 1854, R. Philippi (apparently
not preserved). Neotype: loc. cit., coastal hills above Paposo,
1952, P. Hutchison
405
(UC). Apparently a very complex species or species aggregate, the
following perhaps representing geographical varieties or, in some
cases, critical species, listed here in sequence from north to south: |
|
|
C. tocopillana
F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer.
3: 1072 -
73, figs. 991 - 993 (1980). Type: Prov. Antofagasta, N. of Tocopilla,
1960,
Ritter
1057 (U).
Range: N. of Tocopilla to midway between Tocopilla and Antofagasta.
C.
tenuissima F. Ritter in Taxon 12: (1963);
Kakt. Südamer.
3: 1070- 72, figs. 987- 989 (1980). Syntypes: Prov.
Antofagasta, S. of Antofagasta, coastal mountains, 1956,
Ritter 540
& 539 (U). Very
distinctive; the spination and dwarf habit suggests that it might have
arisen as a fixed juvenile form.
C.
variispinata F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer.
3: 1070,
figs. 981 & 982 (1980). Type: Prov. Antofagasta, 50 km. N. of Paposo,
coastal mountains, 1968,
Ritter 1447
(U). Very
distinctive.
C.
paposoensis F. Ritter, Kakt.
Südamer.
3: 1068- 69, fig. 986 (1980),
nom. inval. (Art. 37).
Type locality: Prov. Antofagasta, 20 km. N. of Paposo, 1956,
Ritter
(?).
C.
taltalensis (Werderm.) Looser in
Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 33: 614 (1929);
F.
Ritter, Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1065- 66, fig. 990
(1980);
Echinocactus
taltalensis
Werderm. in
Notizbl. Bot. Gart.Berlin 10: 763 - 64 (1929). Type: Prov. Antofagasta, Dept. Taltal, Sierra Esmeralda, between
Posado Hidalgos and Quebrada Cachina, c. 25°50’S., 1925,
I. M. Johnston 5676 (Bt). Range:
Cachina valley near Placilla Esmeralda (according to Ritter).
C.
longispina F. Ritter in Taxon
12: 31 (1963); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1062- 63, fig. 977 (1980).
Type: Prov. Atacama, Sierra Hornillos, S. of Copiapo, 1956,
Ritter 505
(U).
C.
chaniaralensis F.
Ritter and C. esmeraldana F.
Ritter are further taxa classified in the same group as C.
humilis by Ritter (1980). |
|
C.
hypogaea F. Ritter in Cactus (Paris)
15(66): 19 - 20, with fig. (1960); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1085 - 86,
figs. 1019, 1020 & 1023 (1980). Type: Prov. Atacama, Dept. Chañaral,
1954,
Ritter 261
(ZSS!). Syn. C.
hypogaea var.
barquitensis F. Ritter, Kakt.Südamer. 3: 1086, figs. 1021 &
1022 (1980)
(‘C. barquitensis’, nom.
nud.). Other illustrations: Krainz, Die Kakteen, Lfg. 53
(1973); CSJGB 41(1): 13(1979).
The following is closely allied and may only be a variety of the
above: |
|
|
C.
montana F. Ritter in Cactus
(Paris) 15(66): 21- 22 (1960);
Kakt. Südamer. 3:
1087- 88, fig. 1026 (1980). Type: Prov.
Antofagasta, Dept. Taltal, N. of Taltal, 1954,
Ritter 522 (21 1a)
(ZSS cited,
but specimen never received). ?
including C. mollicula F. Ritter in Taxon 12: 30 (1963); Kakt. Südamer. 3:
1086, figs. 1024 & 1025 (1980);
C.
olivana F. Ritter, Kakt.
Südamer. 3: 1088, fig. 1027 (1980);
C.
rarissima F. Ritter, loc. cit. fig. 1028 (1980). Range:
Chañaral to N. of
Taltal.
C.
hypogaea (s.l.)
belongs in the same group as C.
cinerascens, C. calderana
and C. grandiflora. |
|
C.
krainziana F. Ritter in Taxon
12: 30 (1963); Kakt.Südamer. 3: 1102 - 04, figs. 1053 - 1055 (1980).
Type: Prov.
Antofagasta, Dept. Taltal, N. of Taltal, high coastal mountains, 1954,
Ritter 210
(ZSS!). Syn. C. krainziana
var. scopulina F.Ritter,
11. cc. (‘C. scopulina’,
nom. nud.).
Doubtfully distinct from C.
cinerea, especially its var.
albispina. |
C.
lembckei
Backeb. (1959), nom. inval.= C.
calderana.
C. laui
Diers in KuaS 31(12): 362- 5, with figs. (1980). Type:
Chile, Prov. Antofagasta, Dept. Taltal, Esmeralda, 100 m., Lau 891
(Succulentarium PH Rheinland, Abt. Koln cited, but it is not known whether
the type has been permanently conserved there).
A poorly known plant at present, but probably allied to either the C.
humilis complex or C. hypogaea.
C. longispina F.
Ritter (1963). See C. humilis.
C.
longistaminea F. Ritter (1963). See C.
cinerea var. cinerea.
C.
malletiana (Lemaire ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb. in Backeb. & F. Knuth,
Kaktus- ABC, 280 (1935); Echinocactus malletianus Lemaire ex
Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenz. 13:387 (1845). Type probably collected in
Chile by Thomas Bridges in 1841, but neither preserved nor illustrated by
Salm-Dyck or his contemporaries. Typified only by the original
description: ‘stem depressed-globose, 7.5- 10 cm. diam., light green
covered in a thick chalky crust and therefore ash-coloured, apex
impressed, white-woolly; ribs 15- 17, narrow above, convex, gibbosely
notched between the areoles, completely flattened and blackishrugose
below; ar. impressed, 14- 17 mm. apart, elongate, blackfelted; rad. sp.
14- 17 mm. long, straight, acicular, rigid, black, erect, outer 5- 6
suberect, or spreading; cent. sp. 1, stronger.
The above description
suggests C. cinerea var. dealbata, a plant which Bridges could well
have seen and collected in 1841. If the poorly typified C. malletiana
is used in the way suggested here, it will supplant the well-known name
C. cinerea.
|
C. marginata
(Salm-Dyck) B. & R., Cact. 3: 86 (1922) (pro parte excl. Rose 19410,
vide C. atacamensis sub C. calderana); F. Ritter, Kakt.
Südamer. 3: 1054 - 57, fig. 978 (1980), non F. Ritter in KuaS 12: 6,
fig. 2 (1961); Echinocactus marginatus Salm-Dyck in Allg.
Gartenz. 13:386(1845); Pfeiffer, Abbild. Beschr. Cact.2(6): t.
30(1850). Type probably collected in Chile by Thomas Bridges in 1841.
Ritter, loc. cit., has provided a neotype: Prov.Atacama, SW. of
Caldera, Morro Copiapo, 1956, Ritter 511 (ZSS cited, but specimen
never received). Syn. Echinocactus columnaris Pfeiffer, Abbild.
Beschr. Cact. 2(3): sub t. 14 (1847) (typified by the plate in
Pfeiffer, op. cit. (1850)); E. streptocaulon Hook. in Bot. Mag.
77: t. 4562 (1851); C. streptocaulon (Hook.) v. Oosten in
Succulenta 22: 16 (1940); F. Ritter in KuaS 12: 4- 6, fig.
1 (1961). The present application of C. marginata rests on the
assumption that Pfeiffer was correct in using E. marginatus
Salm-Dyck (1845) for his E. columnaris (1847), when he
illustrated the latter in 1850. If these taxa are ever considered to
be specifically different (cf. Middleditch in The Chileans 11(37):[17
- ] 18 - 20 (1980), who draws attention to discrepancies between the
original descriptions), then the correct name for this species will
become ‘C. columnaris’, while C. marginata must be
abandoned for lack of typification.
Taxonomically and geographically between C.
echinoides and C. bridgesii. |
|
C.
megarhiza B. & R., Cact. 3: 89 (1922);
F. Ritter, Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1081, fig. 1010 (1980), non Backeb.
(1959) (= C. fiedlerana). Type: Prov. Atacama, near Copiapo,
dry granitic hills, 1914, Rose 19323 (US). Ritter has described the
following variety: C. megarhiza var. microrhiza F. Ritter, loc.
cit. (1980). Range: Copiapo valley, from E. of Paipote to W. of
Toleda.
To be considered here
is C. echinata F. Ritter in
Cactus (Paris) 14 (63): 133, with fig. (1959); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1080,
figs. 997 & 998 (1980). Type: Prov. Atacama, Carrizal Bajo, 1956,
Ritter 506 (ZSS cited, but type never received). Syn. C. echinata
var. borealis F. Ritter, 11.cc.; C. totoralensis F. Ritter
in Cactus (Paris) 15(66): 23 - 24, with fig. (1960). Range: from the
Rio Copiapo valley to Carrizal Bajo (Dept. Copiapo). Sympatric in
part with C. megarhiza, according to Ritter (1980).
Cf. C. calderana and C.
fiedlerana. |
C. melanohystrix
F. Ritter (1980). See C. cinerea var.
columna-alba.
‘C. minima’ K. Knize, nom. nud. A name without
description for the distinctive Knize 1132 (ZSS!), from Carrizal Alto
(above Carrizal Bajo) at 600 in. This plant is perhaps a dwarf ally of
C. cinerea var. dealbata, and merits a valid
name.
C. mollicula F. Ritter
(1963). See C. hypogaea.
C. montana F. Ritter (1960). See C.
hypogaea.
C. paposoensis F. Ritter (1980), nom. inval.
See C. humilis.
|
C.
pendulina F. Ritter in Cactus (Paris)
14(63): 134-5, with fig.(1959); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1073, figs. 995 &
996 (1980). Type: Prov. Coquimbo, Dept. Ovalle, Fray Jorge, 1955,
Ritter 504 (ZSS cited, but type never received). Range: from the type
locality to 40 km. farther south. Other illustrations: Krainz, Die
Kakteen, Lfg. 52(1973); CSJA 44: 239, fig. 2 (1972).
The following are
probably only varieties of the above: C. pseudocoquimbana F.
Ritter in Taxon 12: 30 (1963); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1076 - 77, figs. 1003
- 1005 & 1008 (1980); C.pseudocoquimbana var. vulgata F.
Ritter, 11.cc.; C. pseudocoquimbana vars. chaniarensis and
domeykoensis F. Ritter, loc., cit. figs. 1006 & 1007 (1980); C.
coquimbana sensu B. & R. (1922), fide Ritter. Range: S. border of
Prov. Atacama (SW. of Domeyko and near Carizalillo) to Fray Jorge,
Prov. Coquimbo.
Cf. C. fiedlerana and C.
coquimbana var. wagenknechtii. |
C.
pepiniana (Lemaire [ex Salin-Dyck]) Backeb. in Backeb. & F. Knuth,
Kaktus-ABC, 281 (1935); Cereus pepinianus Lemaire ex Salm-Dyck in
Allg. Gartenz. I 3: 354 (1845); Echinocactus pepinianus [Salm-Dyck]
Lemaire ex Foerster, Handb. Cacteenk. ed. 1, 347 (1846). A name of
uncertain application, but probably not of this genus.
‘C. pepiniana’
Backeb., Die Cact. 3: 1917 (1959), nom. illegit. (see C.
fiedlerana), non (Lemaire ex Salm-Dyck)
Backeb. (1935).
C.
pseudocoquimbana F. Ritter (1963). See
C. pendulina.
C.
rarissima F. Ritter (1980). See C. hypogaea.
C. rubriflora F.
Ritter (1963). See C. rupestris.
|
C. rupestris F. Ritter in
Taxon 12: 3’ (1963); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1061, fig. 975 (1980). Type:
Prov. Antofagasta, Dept. Taltal, Cifuncho, 1956, Ritter 528 (U).
The following is probably only a variety: C. rubriflora F.
Ritter in Taxon 12: 3’ (1963); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1061 - 62, fig.
976 (1980). Type: Prov. Antofagasta, S. of Taltal, 1954, Ritter 211
(ZSS). C. hornilloensis and C. desertorum may also
belong here. Doubtfully distinct from C. echinoides. |
‘C.
scopulina’ F. Ritter, nom. nud.= C.
krainziana.
C.
serenana Voldan in KuaS 27(8): 185- 86, with fig. (1976).Type: a
seedling raised from seed of a dead plant found between the stems of a
clump of ‘C. coquimbana’, originating from the Knize nursery, and
perhaps from Dept. La Serena (? preserved at W). Affinity uncertain, the
illustration being of a very young cultivated plant flowering for the
first time.
|
C.
serpentisulcata F. Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 15(66): 22,
with fig. (1960); Kakt. Südamer. 3: 1093, fig. 1044 (1980). Type:
Prov. Atacama, N. of Chañaral, 1954, Ritter 246 (ZSS!). Syn. C.
serpentisulcata var. castanea F. Ritter, loc. cit., fig. 1015
(1980). Growing with C. cinerascens.
Very distinctive. Placed in the same section as C. cinerea by
Ritter. |
|
C.
solaris (F.
Ritter) F.
Ritter, Kakt.
Südamer. 3: 1047 - 48, figs. 963 - 966 (1980);
Pilocopiapoa solaris F.
Ritter in KuaS 12: 20 - 22, with figs. (1961). Type: Prov.
Antofagasta, El Cobre, 1956, Ritter 541 (U). Type species of Copiapoa
subg. Pilocopiapoa (F. Ritter) F. Ritter, op. cit. (1980).
Syn. C. ferox Leinbeke &
Backeb. ex Backeb., Die Cact. 3: 1922 - 23, t. 160 (1959),
nom. inval.. (Arts 9 & 37 -
the type was growing in the Uebelmann collection in Switzerland until
March 1981, when it was given to ZSS for preservation);
C. conglomerata Leinbeke in
KuaS 17:29 - 30 (1966),
non Echinocactus conglomeratus
Philippi (1860). Range: between
El Cobre and
Blanco Encalada.
An interesting
and perhaps ancient species, which may represent the connection
between Copiapoa and its
presumed cereoid ancestor. |
C.
streptocaulon (Hook.) v.
Oosten (1940) =
C. marginata.
C.
taltalensis (Werderm.) Looser (1929).
See
C. humilis.
C.
tenebrosa F. Ritter (1980).
See C. cinerea
var.
cinerea.
C.
tenuissima F. Ritter (1963).
See
C. humilis.
C.
tocopillana F. Ritter (1980).
See
C. humilis.
C.
totoralensis F. Ritter
(1960).
See
C. megarhiza.
C.
vallenarensis F. Ritter
(1980). See
C. fiedlerana.
C.
variispinata F. Ritter (1980).
See
C. humilis.
‘C.
wagenknechtii’ F. Ritter,
nom. nud. =
C. coquimbana var.
wagenknechtii.
|
